:':>ioroed. 

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9 

F847a 

1888 


G      000  005  902 


,*j 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


THE 


!l7ieuemei7t5  apd   Hope$ 


OK 


OUR    SPECIALTY. 


<x\  UNNUIL  ORSTION,  >o 


DELIVERED  BEFORE  THE 


SmERIMN  ffiCHDEMY  OF  DENTI^L  SCIENCE. 

BOSTON,    MUSS., 
N0¥„  1888. 


By  Charles  E.|Frmcis,  D.D.S,,  M.D.S, 
new  york  city. 


THE  ACHIEVEMENTS  AND   HOPES  OF 
OUR  SPECIALTY. 


CHAS.     E.     KRANCIS,     D.  D.  S.,    NI.D.S. 


Ages  before  the  "  healing  art"  was  based  upon  scientific  principles, 
the  practice  of  medicine  was  quite  general  in  every  inhabited  portion 
of  the  globe.  The  "  medicine  man  "  may  date  his  existence  as  far  back 
as  history  can  exhibit  a  record,  and  even  among  the  most  barbarous 
nations  of  the  earth,  the  "  healer  of  diseases"  has  ever  occupied  a 
prominent  and  influential  position  among  his  fellow  countrymen. 

The  uneducated  masses,  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  present, 
have  looked  upon  the  physician  as  though  possessing  a  sort  of  super- 
human power,  and  the  best  elements  of  civilized  society  have  sought 
his  counsel  and  confided  to  his  care  their  lives  and  the  most  precious 
jewels  of  their  hearts.  Although  empiricism  for  countless  generations 
held  its  sway,  the  ail  of  medicine  through  each  successive  period  has 
witnessed  some  degree  of  material  progress.  Accumulated  knowledge 
acquired  by  experimental  practice,  and  experiences  of  careful  obseners 
became  foundation  elements  for  a  broad  professional  structure. 

But  in  order  to  possess  the  ability  to  diagnose  disease,  and  to 
practice  medicine  intelligently,  a  clear  conception  of  fundamental  laws 
is  always  necessary  for  proper  guidance  ;  so  a  comprehensive  study  of  the 
human  structure  and  of  functional  action  were  elementary  steps  in  the 
direction  of  scientific  advance.  A  familiar  knowledge  concerning  the 
nature  of  diseases,  their  origin,  symtoms,  peculiarities  and  tendencies; 
also,  the  ready  suggestion  of  proper  means  for  their  alleviation,  arresta- 
tion  and  eradication,  are  necessary  requirements  if  successful  issues  can 
be  expected  or  hoped  for.  Hence,  the  study  of  anatomy,  physiology, 
histology,    pathology,    chemistry    and    materia-medica    were    deemed 


essential  to  professional  growth,  and  for  qualifying  students  to  enter  the 
field  of  medical  practice. 

So  through  consecutive  ages,  illuminated  In  revelations  of  science 
and  aided  b^  practical  teachings  of  earnest  and  thinking  minds,  the 
profession  of  medicine  attainetl  an  exalted  sphere  of  usefulness  and 
eminent  standing. 

In  due  course  of  time,  with  a  view  to  extend  the  usefulness  of 
medical  practice,  and  in  order  to  meet  the  increasing  demands  of  grow- 
ing comminiities  for  medical  attention,  also  with  a  desire  to  confer  the 
greatest  possible  benefits  to  sufi'ering  humanity,  special  departments 
were  created  where  concentrated  cHort  might  be  directed  to  particular 
ailments,  the  character  of  each  better  understood  and  more  favorable 
results  obtained  in  their  treatment.  Diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear  ;  pul- 
monary, catarrhal,  spinal,  nein"al,  mental,  cutaneous  and  other  affections 
or  disorders  were  considered  as  diseases  requiring  special  study  :  and 
not  the  least  in  importance  among  these  specialties  may  be  classed  the 
treatment  of  the  teeth,  and  all  diseases  or  abnormal  defects  existing 
within  the  buccal  cavity.  In  no  department  of  medicine  has  greater  or 
more  marked  progress  been  mailc  within  the  last  quarter  century  than 
in  the  department  of  dentistry  or  oral  surgery. 

Not  many  vears  ago,  dentists  were  considered  outside  the  pale  of 
professional  recognition.  They  were  a  class  of  isolated  beings,  pursu- 
ing their  %  ocation  in  a  very  quiet  way,  and  gathering  instruction  mainly 
by  lessons  of  individual  experience.  Knowing  little  of  each  other,  they 
hardly  dreametl  the  immense  benefits  that  might  accrue  from  mutual 
intercourse  and  associated  effort,  both  to  themsehes  and  to  their 
clientelle.  Many  of  the  pioneers  were  men  of  education  and  genius. 
Some  had  been  unfortunate  in  other  pursuits,  and  in  search  for  a  new 
fiekl  of  employment  turned  their  attention  to  dental  art,  viewing  it  as  a 
lucrative  and  easy  sort  of  emplo\  ment.  But  the  real  earnest  and  intel- 
ligent workers  in  the  course  of  their  active  duties,  could  in  reality  forsee 
in  the  practice  of  dentistry,  a  broad  field  for  useful  labor,  and  one, 
which  if  rightly  improved  and  cultivated,  might  produce  a  harvest  that 
would  prove  not  only  a  boon  to  themselves  and  their  successors,  but  a 
blessing  to  humanitv. 

In  early  times,  as  no  opportunities  existed  for  obtaining  the 
knowledge  to  practice  dentistry  intelligently,  and  failing  in  their  efforts 
to  secure  satisfactory  arrangements  with  medical  schools,  then  in 
existence,  our  energetic  pioneers,  with  courage  undaunted,  laid  the 
foundation-stone  of  an  independent  institution  in  Baltimore,  the  city  of 
monumental  fame,  where  it  still  stands  as  a  memento  of  their  zeal  and 
perseverance.  There,  dentistry  was  cradled  and  noiuished,  until  it 
became  an  art  based  on  a  scientific  foundation.  There,  it  received  an 
impetus  that  no  human  power  could  check.  There,  precious  seeds 
were  sown  for  professional  growth,  which  in  due  time  germinated  and 
bore  fruits  worthy  the  toil.  Encouraged  b}-  this  success,  another 
school  was  founded  —  the  Ohio  College.     Philadelphia   next  added  a 


school  to  the  Hst,  and  the  number  of  such  institutions  has  so  increased 
that  at  the  present  time  dental  colleges  exist  in  nearly  every  section  of 
the  country. 

Great  and  good  work  have  they  done  in  preparing  so  many 
members  of  our  specialty  for  the  duties  of  their  calling.  Students  from 
nearly  every  civilized  part  of  the  world  have  sought  access  to  their 
halls,  and  received  such  instruction  as  their  teachers  could  impart. 
Much  credit  is  due  to  the  founders  of  these  institutions,  and  their 
successors,  who  have  given  their  time,  energ\',  and  talent  to  redeem 
the  art  of  dentistry  from  the  thraldom  of  empiricism,  and  engraft  it  as 
a  healthful  branch  of  the  great  medical  brotherhood. 

The  establishment  of  dental  colleges  paved  the  way  for  the 
formation  of  dental  societies,  and  these  have  probably  done  more  to 
promote  the  growth  of  dentistry,  and  extend  its  benefits,  than  all  other 
influences  combined.  Located  as  they  are,  in  every  section  of  our 
land,  they  unite  in  fraternal  relationship,  the  leading  members  in  each 
locality,  while  State,  National  and  International  organizations  bring 
together  the  representative  individuals  of  the  various  sections,  thus 
affording  rare  opportiuiities  for  a  free  interchange  of  thought  and 
opinion,  and  of  giving  and  receiving  the  choicest  fruits  of  individual 
experience.  Societies  are  the  life  and  strength  of  a  profession.  They 
infuse  a  spirit  of  healthful  rivalry,  engender  mutual  good-will, 
encourage  e\'ery  effort  for  advancement ;  and,  as  each  progressi\e  step 
is  taken,  move  onward  for  greater  achievements.  They  cultivate 
largely  the  social  element,  root  out  morbid  strife  and  selfish  animosities, 
and  brand  as  unprofessional  all  that  is  base  and  dishonorable.  The 
societies  first  established  dental  clinics,  which  in  value  to  our  specialty, 
can  hardly  be  estimated  as  methods  of  instruction.  They  also  give  aid 
and  encouragement  to  the  colleges,  and  furnish  much  of  the  material 
that  fills  the  pages  of  the  dental  periodicals.  They  have  secured 
Legislative  enactments  to  protect  communities  from  mischievous 
operations  of  incompetent  operators  —  they  ha\e  fought  charlatanism 
with  relentless  vigor,  and  will  never  cease  their  warfare  until  quackery 
is  vanquished.  AH  honor  to  our  dental  societies  for  the  good  they  have 
accomplished,  and  the  achievements  they  have  won. 

Dentistry  to-day  holds  a  position  as  a  most  useful  and  honorable 
calling.  Indeed,  its  services  to  mankind  are  not  only  invaluable,  but 
indispensible  in  all  civilized  communities.  Through  its  ministrations 
pain  is  mitigated,  physical  comfort  sustained,  health  supported,  life 
prolonged.  There  is  hardly  a  village  in  the  country  not  represented 
by  some  of  its  members,  and  in  our  large  cities  their  numbers  are  legion. 
Millions  of  people  seek  their  aid,  and  profit  by  their  labors  and 
counsel.  The  organs  of  mastication,  so  useful  in  their  goodly  ofiices, 
and  so  important  in  their  relations  to  the  animal  economy,  and  which, 
in  many  instances,  would  hardly  retain  their  integrity  until  even  the 
first  scoi-e  of  life's  summers  are  witnessed,  are,  bv  the  dentist's  skill  and 
care,   kept    in  a   state    of  preservation    to    ripe   old    age.     And  when 


misfortune  has  lessened  their  numl)ers  or  rendered  them  unfit  foi' 
continued  senice,  dental  art  comes  to  the  rescue  to  fill  the  vacant 
spaces  and  again  complete  a  denture. 

But  our  vigorous  and  growing  specialty  is  never  satisfied  with 
past  achievements  or  present  gains.  It  is  continually  striving  and 
hoping  for  something  better ;  ever  seeking  new  truths,  originating  new 
ideas,  working  out  new  problems,  suggesting  new  means,  devising 
new  methods,  testing  new  inventions,  discussing  new  theories,  and 
investigating  deeper,  more  thoroughly,  and  more  intelligently,  every- 
thing bearing  upon  dentistry  that  has  not  already  been  fully  revealed  or 
satisfactorily  demonstrated.  Its  members  have  made  many  contribu- 
tions to  general  science,  and  through  their  ingenuity  and  skill,  valuable 
appliances  have  been  devised,  which  have  added  materially  to  the 
welfare  and  comfort  of  mankind.  The  use  of  electricity  as  a  motor, 
was  in  great  part  due  to  the  genius  of  Dr.  Bonwill,  of  Philadelphia. 
The  invention  of  celluloid,  used  so  extensivelv  in  the  arts,  and  the 
perfection  of  the  dental  engine,  so  valuable  to  dentist  and  surgeon,  were 
results  from  the  laboratorv  experiments  of  dentists.  And  the  wonder- 
ful sewing  machine,  so  indispensable  to  household  needs,  was 
originated  by  Dr.  Avery,  a  New  York  dentist.  The  use  of  hard  rubber 
as  a  surgeon's  splint  was  first  suggested  by  Dr.  Gunning,  of  New  York, 
and  has  proved  the  most  suitable  splint  for  a  fractured  jaw,  known  to 
surgery.  And  did  not  anaesthesia  originate  in  the  active  brain  of  a 
New  England  dentist?  In  the  city  park  of  Hartford  stands  a  fine 
bronze  statue,  on  a  huge  granite  pedestal,  erected  to  the  memory  of  the 
late  Horace  Wells  of  that  city,  whose  name  should  live  as  long  as 
humanity  exists,  for  having  given  to  the  world  this  benificent  agent  for 
the  relief  of  physical  suffering,  and  to  make  surgical  opeiati(Mis  painless 
and  endurable.  And  it  may  further  be  stated  that  Dr.  Wells  was  an 
inventive  genius,  who  devised  not  onlv  a  number  of  valuable  instru- 
ments and  appliances  to  facilitate  dental  operations,  but  other  appliances 
outside  his  professional  requirements.  It  mav  interest  the  wheelmen, 
who  glide  noislessly  over  the  smooth  pavements  on  theii  swift  running 
bicycles,  that  Dr.  Wells  invented  the  first  carriage  propelled  by  the 
rider,  ever  heard  of  in  this  countrv,  and  who  declared,  that  when 
perfected,  could  be  made  to  travel  ten  miles  an  hour.  I  mention  this 
simply  to  show  the  ever-working  genius  of  this  remarkable  man,  whom 
I  knew  in  my  boyhood  as  a  personal  friend. 

In  the  study  of  histology,  few  men  have  penetrated  deeper,  and 
achieved  better  results  than  have  the  members  of  our  specialty.  In 
the  field  of  microscopy,  they  have  worked  with  an  intelligent  will,  and 
the  whole  medical  body  has  profited  by  their  disclosures.  Where  can 
be  found  a  more  brilliant  array  of  workers  with  the  microscope  than 
our  specialty  can  furnish?  Tomes,  Miller,  Black,  Bodecker,  Atkin- 
son, Abbott,  McQiiillan,  Mayo,  Stowell,  vSudduth,  Andrews,  Allan, 
and  a  host  of  others?     And  even  our  distinguished   Heitzman  has  for 


years  been  so  intimately  associated  and  thoroughly  identified  with  the  • 
dental  fraternity,  that  he  seems  to  belong  to  our  body. 

The  earnest  efforts  of  the  leading  members  of  our  specialty,  and 
the  energy  manifested  in  our  dental  colleges  to  impart  the  needed  in* 
struction,  and  place  oral  surgery  in  its  rightful  position,  has  been  such 
as  to  challenge  attention  from  the  prominent  universities  in  the  diflerent 
sections  of  our  country.  To  our  honor  should  it  be  indellibly  inscribed, 
that  grand  old  Harvard  first  broke  the  icv  barrier,  and  opened  its 
doors  to  bid  us  welcome.  And  to  supplement  the  affair,  one  of 
Boston's  most  distinguished  sons,  the  world-renowned  Holmes^  on  an 
occasion  like  the  present,  delivered  the  annual  address  before  this 
academy.  Within  a  few  years,  the  great  University  of  Pennsylvania 
erected  among  its  buildings  an  immense  stone  structure,  in  order  to 
increase  its  facilities  for  giving  instruction  in  the  department  of  den- 
tistry. The  University  of  Maryland  soon  after  established  a  dental 
department,  and  other  universities  have  since  followed  their  example. 
I  am  strongly  impressed  with  the  belief  that,  sooner  or  later,  the 
independent  dental  colleges  will  become  absorbed  by  our  large  univer- 
sities, which  have  already  adopted  most  of  the  schools  of  medicine. 
The  tide  seems  to  have  turned  strongly  in  this  direction.  To  prevent 
it,  we  cannot,  if  we  would,  for  progress  moves  only  with  forward 
strides.  And  why  should  we  desire  to  prevent  this  union  with  the 
universities  ?  They  can  ofter  better  inducements  to  students ;  they 
have  greater  influence,  and  hold  a  more  exalted  position  in  the  eyes  of 
the  community  ;  their  resources  are  more  ample,  their  facilities  more 
extended,  their  system  more  complete  ;  and  giving  the  matter  cartful 
consideration,  is  it  not  better  for  students  of  dentistry,  and  students  of 
general  medicine  also,  to  pursue  their  studies  together?  By  this  means 
the  student  of  dentistry  has  opportunities  for  obtaining  a  more  perfect 
knowledge  of  general  medicine,  and  the  student  of  medicine  to  become 
better  acquainted  with  the  duties  of  our  specialty,  thus  benefitting  all. 
Students  of  the  difi'erent  specialties  graduate  on  the  same  plane  and 
platform,  receive  their  degress  from  the  same  source,  and  secure  a 
common  recognition  with  all  students  of  medicine.  Is  not  this  an 
advance  in  the  right  direction,  and  should  it  not  constitute  one  of  our 
hopes  ? 

Some  members  of  our  brotherhood,  from  peculiar  reasons  or 
caprices  of  their  own,  seem  determined  to  have  us  believe  that 
dentistry  is  not  a  specialty  of  medicine,  but  an  independent  profession. 
The}'  appear  to  find  a  strange  sort  of  satisfaction  in  proclaiming  their 
independence,  and  argue  that  the  duties  of  the  dentist  are  unlike  those 
of  the  general  practitioner.  Could  they  not  sa^'  the  same  of  the  occu- 
list,  the  orthopedic  surgeon,  and  indeed  of  all  other  specialists?  Are 
not  the  duties  of  the  physician  to  administer  to  the  sick  and  suffering, 
and  to  battle  with  the  various  "•  ills  that  flesh  is  heir  to  "?  And  are 
not  the  duties  of  our  specialty  to  administer  to  many  of  these  ailments, 
and  to   relieve   suffering   also?     Aye,  and  do  they  not  by  their  timely 


ministrations  prevent  many  human  ills,  and  thus  verify  the  trite  old 
axiom,  that  "■  prevention  is  better  than  cure  "  ?  Untold  misery  results 
from  the  rebellious  demonstrations  of  neglected  dentures.  Days  of 
acute  toiture,  and  nights  of  restless  agony:  pulpitis  with  merciless 
pangs  of  piercing  pain  that  carry  the  sufterer  to  the  \  erge  of  distraction  ; 
pericimentitis,  with  throbbing  throes  of  dire  distress,  swelling  lips  and 
cheeks,  and  often  prostrating  the  entire  organism.  Exostosis,  so  diffi- 
cult to  diagnose,  and  so  violent  in  its  demonstrations  ;  alveolar  abcess, 
fistulous  openings  through  jaws,  gums  and  cheeks,  emitting  jets  of 
sickening  pus,  and  sometimes  marring  for  life  the  facial  contour : 
diseased  antrum,  with  annoying  and  vicious  discharges  of  purulent 
matter ;  necrosed  bone  and  its  attendant  evils ;  diseases  of  gums  and 
alveolar  cells  that  cause  absorption  of  process  and  exfoliation  of  teeth  : 
dental  carries  that  destroy  the  integrity  of  the  teeth,  vitiate  the  buccal 
fluids  and  pollute  the  breath  I 

Is  it  •'  mere  mechanical  art  "  to  remedy  evils  like  these.'  To  be 
sure,  the  nicest  mechanical  skill  and  genius  are  requisite  in  the  treat- 
ment of  nearly  all  such  cases,  and  mechanical  art  is  an  essential  qualifi- 
cation in  many  departments  of  medical  practice.  In  all  operations  of 
surger}-,  an  ability  to  manipulate  skilfully  is  a  most  important  desidera- 
tum. The  amputation  of  a  limb,  the  adjustment  of  a  splint,  the 
removal  of  a  cataract,  the  ligation  of  an  artery,  the  excision  of  a  tumor, 
may  as  appropriately  be  classed  "  mechanical  operations"  as  are  the 
usual  operations  within  the  oral  cavity.  Is  the  treatment  of  alveolar 
abcess  any  less  important  than  are  a  score  of  other  physical  ills  that 
require  medical  attention  ? 

Where  the  human  coimtenance  is  disfigured  by  protruding  jaws 
and  distended  lips,  or  by  contracted  dental  arches  with  the  teeth  out  of 
all  line  of  regularity,  distorting  the  features,  and  causing  perhaps  a  life 
of  disappointment  and  sorrow  —  is  not  something  far  beyond  mere 
mechanism  required  to  correct  and  restore  such  deformities  .'  Is  not 
the  treatment  of  spinal  cur\atures  as  much  mechanical  art  as  is  the 
restoration  of  irregular  dentures?  Are  operations  of  the  upper  section 
of  the  human  structure  less  important  from  a  medical  standpoint  than 
are  those  of  the  other  sections.^  and  is  not  a  like  degree  of  skill,  care, 
and  good  judgment  requisite  in  their  treatment? 

When  we  consider  how  essential  to  health  are  the  organs  of 
mastication,  in  faithfully  comminuting  the  pabulum  for  nourishing  the 
animal  tissues  ;  and  consider  also  the  mischief  caused  by  forcing  into 
the  stomach  masses  of  unprepared  or  unmasticated  food,  to  overtax  and 
impair  the  tonicity  of  that  important  receptacle,  thus  causing  indigestion, 
and  laying  the  foimdation  of  serious  systemic  derangement  —  is  it  not 
natural  to  feel  that  the  care  of  these  valuable  organs  should  be  confided 
to  specialists  of  the  "  healing  art"?  If  a  dentist  claims  that  his  voca- 
tion is  purely  mechanical,  or  pleases  to  call  it  '*  simply  the  practice  of 
a  mechanical  art,"  then  it  would  seem  as  if  his  individual  services  to 
his  patients  must  be   exceedingly  limited,  and  they  must  go  elsewhere 


for  other  attention,  or  suffer  from  neglect.  It  can  hardly  be  presumed 
that  the  dentist  who  possesses  little  or  no  knowledge  of  medicine,  will 
claim  a  position  among  trained  physicians,  but  in  the  present  age,  it  is 
right  of  communities  to  expect  that  dentists  shall  become  as  well  posted 
in  the  principles  of  general  medicine  as  the  occulist,  larnygicist,  or 
general  surgeon ;  and  indeed,  the  ever-increasing  demands  of  the 
public  upon  our  specialty,  for  its  best  services,  makes  medical  training 
in  reality  a  necessity. 

The  claims  that  dentistry  is  a  legitimate  specialt\-  of  medicine,  has 
been  foi'mallv  recognized  by  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  a 
section  on  dentistry  was  instituted  by  the  body.  TJie  A/nerican 
Lancet^  in  commenting  on  this  action,  and  discussing  the  relation  of 
dentistr\-  to  medicine,  states  that,  ''  as  regards  the  unsavory  beginnings 
from  which  dentistry  has  grown,  no  dentist  was  ever  lower  than  the 
barber  surgeons  of  England,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  most 
specialties  ;  hence  dentistry  should  not  be  denied  recognition  in  the 
medical  profession  because  of  its  lowly  origin."  The  onl\-  question  at 
issue  is,  "  has  it  so  developed  as  to  merit  a  place  by  the  side  of  other 
specialties.'"'  The  Lancet  considers  that  a  fair  literary  education 
should  constitute  one  of  the  preliminary  requirements  for  medical 
students  of  any  specialty  ;  and  as  regards  professional  training,  the  same 
ride  shoidd  apply  alike  to  all.  It  favors  a  thi'ee-years  course  in  a  first- 
class  college,  to  bring  graduates  up  to  a  high  standard  of  excellence, 
and  declares  that  ^  the  time  is  rapidh'  approaching  when  dentists  will 
be  quite  as  much  doctors,  in  all  regards,  as  are  most  specialists." 

During  the  past  summer,  I  received  a  letter  from  Dr.  Allport,  of 
Chicago,  a  gentleman  well  known  to  you  all  as  a  most  able  and  earnest 
worker  in  the  cause  of  dental  education  and  professional  progress. 
He  believes  "  it  would  be  better  for  us  if  no  more  independent  dental 
colleges  are  organized,  but  that  all  dental  teaching  should  be  in 
connection  with,  or  supplemental  to,  the  teachings  of  first-class  medical 
colleges,  as  Dr.  Harris  at  first  sought  to  have  it ;  and  that  the  future 
student  should  at  least  be  educated  in  the  fundamental  sciences  of 
medicine,  and  the  principles  of  general  surgery,  under  equal  exactions 
imposed  on  those  who  practice  in  any  other  of  the  medical  specialties." 
He  considers  this  the '•  only  proper  method  of  making  dentistry  rank 
(as  it  should) ,  as  a  specialty  of  medicine,"  and  believes  "  it  would  give  us 
the  kind  of  dental  practitioners  needed  —  and  a  class,  which  if  added 
to  our  Section  in  the  American  ^Medical  Association,  would  make  it 
equal  in  professional  culture  and  influence  to  that  of  any  other  Section 
in  that  body  ;  and  as  much  respected  for  scientific  knowledge  and 
usefulness  to  the  community." 

A  full  recognition  of  properly  educated  dentists  was  shown  at  the 
great  International  Medical  Congress,  at  London,  in  iSSi,  by  the 
successful  organization  of  a  Section  on  Dental  and  Oral  Surgery;  and 
was  repeated  with  still  greater  success,  as  a  part  of  the  Interna- 
tional Medical  Congress  at  Washington,  in   1887.     A  similar   Section 


8 

will  probably  be  organized  at  the  next  confijress,  at  Berlin,  and  it  is 
earnestly  to  be  hoped  that  the  progressive  dentists  of  this  country  and 
Europe  will  do  all  in  their  power  to  make  the  occasion  worthy  their 
beneficent  calling. 

Gentlemen,  let  us  all  use  our  best  endeavors  to  honor  our  chosen 
specialtv.  New  duties  are  ever  forced  upon  us,  which  we  should  be 
jirepared  to  meet  intelligently,  and  thereby  give  evidence  of  ability  to 
sustain  the  position  we  have  claimed,  and  fill  with  credit  the  department 
assigned  us  by  our  great  mother  profession.  May  the  achievements  of 
our  specialty  ever  continue  to  multiply,  and  may  our  hopes  for  still 
higher  attainments  be  never  in  vain. 


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